Summarize Spoken Text 기출문제 주요 내용 모음

Summarize Spoken Text 기출문제 주요 내용 모음

1 빨치 2 14,618 2017.03.03 14:33

1. Laughing / Humor

 

1. Humor existed in Europe for example Berlin long time ago. 

2. Jokes of Berlin Wall can be used as effective therapy.

3. Laughing is the simplest and cheapest method to deal with stress. 

4. It can relieve pain, reduce blood pressure and decrease stress.

5. Able to protect self-respect and identity. 

 

 

2. Citizenship of school Train student skills and face changing world commitment of such leader. 

 

 

3. Animal survive and reproduce 

 

1. This course is about general condition that how animal can survive and reproduce 

2 How they maintain their body under water, tolerate different temperature and season 

3. and How they use their habitat, daily activity and behaviors 

 

 

4. Mental thing People will forget they are in the middle of doing something. 

 

 

5. Urbanization (The development of urbanization and agriculture.) 

 

1. the relationship between city and countryside, what if all the people in the country move in to city 

2. Country produce food then trade in city. In fact, more and more people move to city because more opportunities in city. 

3. The development of urbanization, for example agriculture, a farmer grow food can benefit many families in the city. A lot of people do not want to live in countryside anyway. 

4. people tend to move to city then make a living in city, however, start losing jobs. 

 

 

6. Biology 

 

1. Profound concept of biology 

2. 4 panels, bacteria ecoli 

3. All creatures are related to each other.

4. DNA/RNA is to record and transmit genetic information (23 from each parent) 

5. Same chemical 

 

 

7.Consultant 

1. 43 year old with student loan, more than 10,000 for 15 years

2. without the loan, no education. 

3. Her monthly loan repayment is more than triple of her car loan 

4. debt exceed her family income.

5. Her children were also on a student loan. 

 

8. Stanford university conference A lecture held by Stanford university business school stressed the importance of management and leadership in business school. It is clear that educational purpose is to learn management and leadership. Student should be responsible for the management performance and identify how it could happen appropriately. The responsibility means that the accomplishments achieved by themselves with on indication from other. 

 

 

9. Competition faced by LSE 

 

1. two factors: English and funding of government. 

2. 5 main kind competitions: for students, academic staff, research funding, research contracts, pound against other currencies 

 

 

10. Advertisement on prescription medicine 

 

1. The advertisement on prescription medicine has doubled, especially in prime time 

2. People buy drug depend on what they saw on the ad 

3. But in the area of medicine ads, they may be technically accurate 

4. But they are misleading in tones.

5. Take depression patient as an example, although people may feel better after administering the medicine, but not means there is a change in the life style. 

6. So, buying the prescription medicine is not like buying soap 

 

 

11. Globalization 

1. has variety definition and meaning 

2 International trading between countries/ communications, including travel and multinational companies 

3. Consuming and producing between people/ transportation

4. Integrated economics strategy /organization integration, different countries consume or produce different goods, so countries would depend on the economy of other countries. 

 

 

12. Indian peasants and Debt

1. The debt in India has been increased these years, and debtors are unlikely to pay off. 

2. Once they try to borrow money to pay off their debts, it will only become a vicious circle.

3. Along with the globalization of free market, this issue has become more severe, and most of the creditors are in the same industry, which sell pesticides and seeds. Another version: peasants are very poor. The debt rate increased by 2,000 percent. The seeds and pesticides purchased by them depend on what they plant. The more seeds purchased, the more pesticides will be used. The have to borrowing money from the company, who has become the major creditors, to buy them. 

 

 

13. Government information disclosure. Citizens should be well informed by their governments. However, some western democratic countries took it for granted. They use tricks in the book to cover up the things that already happened. Further, they hide information to keep their citizens less informed. Government Power: The lecture first stated the need to modify government powers. Then it followed by addressing the different opinions holding by the democratic party and the republican party. While the democratic party claims that government should hold the big power and entitlements, the republicans believe government should share its powers with the states and people.

 

 

14. A female novelist The women was be a Nonfiction writer, and she has detours 10-12 years, and then turn into a novelist. She was guided by a great novelist’s moto,(which will be say very slowly in the radio..but cannot remember…) Finnaly, she published her first chapter in 1992, which is called “secret life of bees” 

 

 

15. Artificial Intelligence 

 

1. People have been talking about symbolic representation of computers long before they were invented.

2. If we can know more about how human manipulate and work with symbols. Just like computers works with bits and bytes.

3. Computer has a high potential to develop intelligence. 

 

 

16. Modification of governments

1. One aspect is devolution, transfer power from federal government to state government 

2. Democratic parties, big government and titled 3. Republicans, people state, one hidden part is private power 

 

 

17. Biology 

 

1. The butterfly, flower and dolphin and other creatures look different, but they are interconnected.

2. Creatures rely on DNA and RNA, which are used for storing and transmitting genetic materials. 3. All creatures rely on genetic and inherited information, which can be passed on, such as molecules based on forms of cell

4. Cells are foundation of building organs 

5. All organs have similar metabolism system, which can convert energy from one form to another. 

6. They have the same building blocks of life, which are cells, within which the same chemicals are contained. 

 

 

18. International environmental legislation and law

1. International law, climate change

2. Improve environment –globally and locally 

3. 2 human activities on environment and industrial revolution. Improve employee’s health The lecture is about environmental law. British government launched the environmental law in order to control the impact of humans on environment. The enforcement of environmental law was an aggressive regulation innovation which aimed to improve environment locally and globally. Companies applied the Adam Smith theory to increase their profitability. Managers were unsatisfied about environmental law because companies would pay more money to ensure the health of their employees under the environmental law, which made companies less competitive in the market. 

 

 

19. 3 devices

 

1. 2 of the mentioned device looks like snake,one of which made of steel 

2. they are electronic generator, used for generating green energy, and the full length has 200m  

 

20. Almery Laden save energy by using existed technology, but other people think he is crazy

 

21. Napoleon III Paris Renovation This lecture mainly talks about the renovation of Paris in 1890s. 189, when napoleon says old Paris is the evil of Paris, then decide to innovate it. The renovation was a vast public program commissioned by Napoleon the third and directed by Haussmann. Napoleon the third instructed Haussmann to bring air and light to the centre of Paris and to drain the sewages. And he also asked Haussmann to plant more trees, build roads and to make the city safer. The reason for doing this was that the old Paris had many serious problems such as overcrowding, diseases and crimes. 

 

 

22. A women suffered lung disease,and she need to work and live on herself, so she has a big financial pressure

 

 

23.introduce risk management 

 

1. what is risk

2. there are two possibilities

3.has different meaning in different context(linguistic meaning)

 

 

24.Talent war Because nowadays short of talent,big companies and countries are search for talented ppl. Some young immigrants have a degree in university,and after graduate, will compete with local student(will give a figure),actually, it is the way how develoed country attract the takents;and the world has put the talents on a primary position. Reference article(very similar) The war for talent refers to an increasingly competitive landscape for recruiting and retaining talented employees. In the book, Michaels, et al., describe not a set of superior Human Resources processes, but a mindset that emphasizes the importance of talent to the success of organizations. The war for talent is intensified by demographic shifts (primarily in the United States and Europe). This is characterized by increasing demand along with decreasing supply (demographically). There are simply fewer post-baby-boom workers to replace the baby-boom retirement in the US and Europe (though this is not the case in most of East Asia, Southeast Asia, Central Asia, Central America, South America, or the Middle East; Eastern Europe also tends to have similar demographics, namely an aging and/or shrinking labor force). While talent is vague or ill-defined, the underlying assumption is that for knowledge-intensive industries, the knowledge worker (a term coined by Peter Drucker) is the key competitive resource (see the Resource-based view of the firm). Knowledge-based theories of organizations consistently place knowledge workers as a primary, competitive resource. Talent is never explicitly defined in the book, though the Preface notes, "A certain part of talent elude description: You simply know it when you see it." (p. xii) After several further caveats, the authors go on: "We can say, however, that managerial talent is some combination of a sharp strategic mind, leadership ability, emotional maturity, communications skills, the ability to attract and inspire other talented people, entrepreneurial instincts, functional skills, and the ability to deliver results." (p. xiii) The authors offer no outside support for this assertion. A 2006 article in The Economist, which mentions the book, notes that, "companies do not even know how to define “talent”, let alone how to manage it. Some use it to mean people like Aldous Huxley's alphas in “Brave New World”—those at the top of the bell curve. Others employ it as a synonym for the entire workforce, a definition so broad as to be meaningless." The 'War for talent is seen by various sources as becoming irrelevant during economic downturns. However, there have been highly visible talent poaching by solvent firms of others who have economic hardship (e.g., JP Morgan was raided by a European firm in March, 2009)

 

 

25. Chocolate Chcolate was well welcomed longtime before, but not every body could afford it. Normally ,chocolate are used in special occasion and celebration ceremony. People then try to planting cacao tree to produce chocolate to make peofit. However, some business man make fake chocolate(without cacao) to make profits. 

 

 

26. Language distinguish Language accelerates to distinct. And now languages distinguish with a ever fast rate. Globalization contributes to it, as more people are go to urban to live and work. Urbanization makes small language hard to survive.

 

 

27. The lecture is about an unusual person called Harry Bergson. Harry is not from the academic world. He runs a consulting company and is regarded as a genius. He is dedicated to save energy and solve problems by using existing technology。 Amory Lovins Environmentalist with a wide range of knowledge, think up solutions on energy saving and resource problems, built house by himself at the top of a mountain, own a consulting company, some people think he is crazy 

 

 

28. large animals/small animals - energy/water consumption. Small animals can survive almost anywhere since they do not need much water/energy. On the contrary。。。

 

29. Mary Mallon Mary Mallon is the first person in the US identified as asymptomatic carrier of the typhoid fever, In her career as a cook, she infected 51 people, 3 of whom are died, and she was twice forcibly isolated by Public Health Authorities. Mary Mallon was born in Ireland in 18xx and moved to New York in 1893. She was an excellent cook and she lived with her friends. She had certain pride of herself. She then got a disease and died around in 1900. But she didn't know she had got this disease and there were also some other people suffered from this disease and one of them died. Woman cook disease. One Ireland woman moved to the US and worked as a cook. Everyone is satisfied with her work and she lived with friends, but she felt bored with her boss sometimes. Later, she got a bacteria disease, which could transmits through water and food. Even before she died, she always denied she was sick. Actually, 22 people were infected by her and one of them died. 

 

 

30, DNA & RNA Biology is a subject that studies animals, human and the environment around them. Although animals are looked differently, they are closely related to each other. They all rely on DNA and RNA to store and pass genetic information. They all based on cells, which is the fundamental structure of lives. The inner chemicals are still the same and they react alike to use and covert energy

 

 

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1 PTE초보123 2017.07.01 02:13
이런식으로 요점만 정리 되어 있는 경우는 그냥 읽고 외워서 요점으로 문장만들기를 연습하면 되는 건가요? 시험에 비슷한 내용이 나오면 이해가 더 쉽기떄문에 족보를 보는건가요?? 어떤식으로 적용해야하는지 궁금해서 여쭤보아요 자료 감사드려요
1 PTE초보123 2017.07.01 02:14
pte바비블에서 봤었다가 어떤식으로 사용해야할지 애매해서 넘어갔던 부분이거든요..